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The Integrated Authority File ((ドイツ語:Gemeinsame Normdatei), also known as: ''Universal Authority File'') or GND is an international authority file for the organisation of personal names, subject headings and corporate bodies from catalogues. It is used mainly for documentation in libraries and increasingly also by archives and museums. The GND is managed by the German National Library in cooperation with various regional library networks in German-speaking Europe and other partners. The GND falls under the Creative Commons Zero (CC0) license.〔(Integrated Authority File (GND) )〕 The GND specification provides a hierarchy of high-level entities and sub-classes, useful in library classification, and an approach to unambiguous identification of single elements. It also comprises an ontology intended for knowledge representation in the semantic web, available in the RDF format.〔(GND Ontology – Namespace Document ), version 2012-06-30.〕 The Integrated Authority File became operational in April 2012 and integrates the content of the following authority files which have since been discontinued: * Name Authority File (German: ''Personennamendatei''; PND) * Corporate Bodies Authority File (German: ''Gemeinsame Körperschaftsdatei''; GKD) * Subject Headings Authority File (German: ''Schlagwortnormdatei''; SWD) * Uniform Title File of the Deutsches Musikarchiv (German: ''Einheitssachtitel-Datei des Deutschen Musikarchivs''; DMA-EST) At the time of its introduction ("GND-Grundbestand" from 5 April 2012), the GND holds 9,493,860 files, including 2,650,000 personalized names. Other authority files are: Library of Congress Name Authority File (LCNAF) by the Library of Congress, Web NDL Authorities by the National Diet Library (Japan), LIBRIS by the National Library of Sweden, and the Virtual International Authority File (VIAF). ==Types of GND high-level entities== There are seven main types of GND entities:〔( Entitätencodierung: Vergaberichtlinien ) (short lists: old and new version)〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Integrated Authority File」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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